Lava River Cave

After visiting Lava Butte at Lava Lands south of Bend Oregon, we headed for nearby Lava River Caves.  These caves resulted from lava flows in the Newberry Volcano complex which includes cinder cones like Lava Butte.  The youngest lava flows in the area date to about 7000 years ago (not long after Crater Lake formed from Mount Mazama about 7700 years ago).  This lava cave is about a mile long and it is well visited, including a ranger guided tour of most of its length.

The entrance to the cave sits in a depression that is maybe 200 meters long with entrances at both ends and the area in the middle is a collapsed section of the cave that is overgrown with plants taking advantage of the relatively damp and cool environment compared to the surrounding landscape.  This image was taken with my 18-250mm Sigma lens at 18mm focal length with an exposure of 1/40 seconds at f/5.6, ISO 400.

Looking down into the cave entrance, it is surprisingly large with lots of collapsed rocks around the entrance but a reasonable path for visitors.  This image was taken at 18mm focal length with an exposure of 1/64 seconds at f/4.5, ISO 1600.

The view back to the entrance from about 100 feet into the cave.  This image was taken at 18mm focal length with an exposure of 1/40 seconds at f/3.5, ISO 6400.

Another view back towards the entrance from farther inside the cave.  My Canon 70D did a great job with a high ISO setting in the relatively dark cave.  This image was taken with my 10mm fisheye lens with an exposure of 1/10 seconds at f/2.8, ISO 6400.

The ranger guiding us through the cave stops to talking about the large ceiling lava tube with high water marks on walls etched by lava flowing through the cave.  You can also see the change in character of the marks from top down to the floor.  This image was taken with my 10mm fisheye lens with an exposure of 1/10 seconds at f/2.8, ISO 3200.

 Our guide uses his headlamp to show off the huge size of the cave here with about a 40 foot tall ceiling.  This image was taken with my 10mm lens and an exposure of 1/4 seconds at f/2.8, ISO 3200.

About 0.8 miles into the cave is one of the least disturbed sections of floor, though it was damaged by early visitors, it is not as badly damaged.  This section is called "Sand Gardens".  It is mostly sediment from deposits that entered the cave long after the lava flowed.  This image was taken with my 10mm fisheye and an exposure of 1/16 seconds at f/2.8, ISO 6400.

Lava Butte, Oregon

On our way to Crater Lake, we stopped at the Lava fields at the base of Lava Butte and took the road up to the summit of the cinder cone.  The lava fields and cinder cones south of Bend are part of a complex that is associated with Newberry Volcano - the largest Volcano in Oregon and a potentially active caldera south of Lava Butte with significant eruptions just 1300 years ago.  The lavas near Lava Butte erupted from a vent near the summit about 7000 years ago, not long after the Mount Mazama collapse that formed the caldera that we now call Crater Lake.  The Newberry Volcano suffered an even larger event like that which formed Crater Lake about 80,000 years ago.

This panorama was taken at a pullout near the base of the cinder cone along the road that winds up Lava Butte to the lookout at its summit near the edge of the lava flow.  This was assembled with the Hugin Panorama software from 4 images taken with my 18-250mm lens at 18mm focal length and exposures of 1/320 seconds at f/11, ISO 400. Slight adjustments were made in the GIMP after assembly.

Looking across the summit crater on top of Lava Butte from the fire lookout shows distant lava fields.  The lookout sits at the tallest point on the cinder cone.  This image was taken at 18mm focal length with an exposure of 1/200 seconds at f/11, ISO 400.

From the south side of the summit crater on Lava Butte, you can see the lava flows next to the highway.  In the distance, the large gentle rise in the horizon is the Newberry Volcano.  Before its catastrophic collapse 80,000 years ago, it was probably quite a bit taller.  The Newberry Volcano is the center of the activity that includes this cinder cone and lava field.  This image was taken at 22mm focal length with an exposure of 1/250 seconds at f/11, ISO 400.

From the south side of the summit crater you can see the fire lookout and also see how steep the inner slopes of the crater are.  This cinder cone was last active about 7000 years ago.  This image was taken at 22mm focal length with an exposure of 1/400 seconds at f/11, ISO 400.

A better view of the lookout from the same area as the previous image, this time with my zoom set to 183mm focal length and an expsoure of 1/320 seconds at f/11, ISO 400.

A view of the lava along the rim of the summit crater.  The exposure was 1/320 seconds at f/11, ISO 400 at 18mm focal length.

The source of the youngest lava flow visible in the middle distance was just below the summit crater just left of this image.  The lava flow dates to about 7000 years.  This image was taken at 1/500 seconds at f/11, ISO 400 and 18mm focal length.

The Three Sisters volcanoes

Our Oregon vacation had a couple of major goals.  First on the list was volcanoes, especially Crater Lake, and I had planned from day one to drive past the Three Sisters volcanoes on the way from Portland to Crater Lake with a camping night near the town of Sisters. The Three Sisters are prominent in central Oregon and we saw them for the first time even before we landed in Portland (See my first vacation blog post: http://pixofmyuniverse.blogspot.com/2014/07/vacation-day-1-flying-to-portland-oregon.html ).

Heading from the little town of Sisters to Bend, we found a great view across this clearing of the Three Sisters.  From the right is the North Sister, the Middle Sister and the South Sister and then Broken Top.  This image was taken with my Canon 70D with my 18-250mm Sigma lens at 18mm focal length and an exposure of 1/1000 seconds at f/11, ISO 400.

I took a pan with my lens at 73mm focal length and here is the panorama assembled from the middle set of images.  The exposure was the same as the first frame above.  The panorama was assembled with the Hugin Panorama Creator and then adjusted a little with the GIMP.

A closer shot of the Three Sisters with my lens zoomed to 43mm focal length and an exposure of 1/1000 seconds at f/11, ISO 400.

Later in the day, we stopped at Lava Butte south of Bend and found this view of the Three Sisters behind Broken Top from the loop trail around the crater at the summit of that cinder cone.  The South Sister is on the left with the Middle Sister behind Broken top right of Center and the South Sister near the right edge of the frame.  My 18-250mm lens was set to 87mm focal length and the exposure was 1/800 seconds at f/11, ISO 400.

During our flight home, we flew just east of the Three Sisters and were rewarded with this view of them, roughly from the northeast with my favorite traveling lens, the 18-250mm Sigma set to 37mm focal length with an exposure of 1/500 seconds at f/9, ISO 400.

Camping.

During our 10 nights of vacation, we camped out  5 nights and stayed in hotels the other 5 nights, mixing in some refreshing showers and even a jacuzzi one night.

Our first campsite on Wednesday night was near Sisters Oregon at the Indian Ford campground.  The campground had a smelly outhouse and was not very heavily populated - not bad for a first night out in the woods and 2nd night of our vacation.

Our third vacation day and second campground was spent in the caldera of a potentially active volcano on Newberry Volcano.  This volcano is the largest in Oregon and shows significant signs of continued activity and recent activity including active hotsprings in the lakes inside the caldera and relatively young lava flows and nearby lava fields and cinder cones.  The Newberry Volcano suffered a lake Mazama (Crater Lake) event about 80,000 years ago that was larger than the event that formed Crater Lake!  This view of Paulina Lake was taken near the Paulina Lake campground that we stayed in.  Only trouble: the mosquitoes were awful.

Another view of the lake.

We visited the top of this mountain on the rim of the Newberry Caldera.

Gotta include a shot of the campsite in the morning before we'd finished packing.

Vacation day 1, flying to Portland Oregon

We spent 10 days in Oregon and California for our summer vacation.  We headed south from Portland and concentrated on volcanoes and then drove up highway 101 and visited and saw 7 lighthouses.  Here is the start of the trip: Day 1, flying into Portland.  All these images were taken from the window as we flew from Oakland to Portland

As we flew north, the Moon rose.  This image was taken with my 18-250mm lens at 73mm focal length and an exposure of 1/800 seconds at f/11, ISO 400.

Flying over clouds presents a number of opportunities.  In this case, a rainstorm in the sun created a small segment of a rainbow.  This image was taken at 73mm focal length and an exposure of 1/800 seconds at f/11, ISO 400.

Flying over Oregon west of the cascades allowed us to see lots of mountains off to the east.  These mountains are the Three Sisters volcanoes which we drove past and watched for the next couple days.  This image was taken at 61mm focal length with an exposure of 1/1600 seconds at f/6.3, ISO 400.  I straightened this image and did some other adjustments in the GIMP.

As we approached Portland, Mount Hood was visible.  What mountain in the Cascades will become active next or will another mountain grow in the near future?  This image was taken with my 18-250mm lens on my 70D at 61mm focal length and an exposure of 1/1250 seconds at f/8, ISO 400.  I did a little image adjustment in the GIMP as well.

T-Storm threatening Tucson

On the way home last night just before sunset, I saw a potential thunderstorm coming in to Tucson from the southeast so I took a detour up to A Mountain (aka Sentinal Peak).  It's got such a pretty view of Tucson.  This image was taken with my Canon 70D and my new 18-250mm Sigma lens at 18mm focal length.  The exposure was 1/60 seconds at f/5, ISO 400 and it was the central image in a set of 5 shots that I turned into a panorama seen below.

This panorama was stitched together with Hugin Panorama Creator using essentially the default batch settings.

This image was taken later as a time exposure with an ND2 filter.  The exposure was 30 seconds at f/16, ISO 100 with my lens at 18mm focal length.  This image is looking southeast, not far from the direction of the first image above.  I wasn't thinking or I would have made another panorama, but I didn't take the other 4 images....